Oracle 11G归档格式修改错误不能open的解决办法
1、以下内容是自己测试总结，也许有错误：
log_archive_format知识：
%s log sequence number
%S log sequence number, zero filled （日志序列号，左边补0）
%t thread number
%Tthread number, zero filled （归档?号，好像不是进程号，左边补0）
%a activation ID
%d database ID （不是数据库名，是一串数字）
%r resetlogs ID that ensures unique names are constructed for the archived log files across multiple incarnations of the database
其中%s/%t/%r 必须都包含，缺少任何一个都会报错，大小写不能同时存在。
2、自己环境下：
Linux默认归档格式：%t_%s_%r.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 May 11 15:53 1_12_879293371.dbf
windows 默认归档格式：ARC%S_%R.%T
3、修改错误：
SQL> alter system set log_archive_format='$ORACLE_SID_%t_%s_%r.dbf' scope=spfile;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.---正常关闭
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 881037312 bytes
Fixed Size 2218392 bytes
Variable Size 515901032 bytes
Database Buffers 356515840 bytes
Redo Buffers 6402048 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened. -----正常打开
SQL> show parameter log_archive_format;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
^Calter system switch logfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation ----------因为执行没反应，所以ctrl+c取消操作
SQL> alter system archive log current;
alter system archive log current
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16038: log 1 sequence# 41 cannot be archived ------------不能归档
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/data/orcl/redo01.log'
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/data/orcl/redo01b.log'
ORA-07217: sltln: environment variable cannot be evaluated.
（此时数据库仍处于打开状态，只是不能归档，重新执行第一条语句修改归档格式为正确格式，然后重启即可。）
4、如果上一步直接重启了，数据库会打不开：
SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 881037312 bytes
Fixed Size 2218392 bytes
Variable Size 515901032 bytes
Database Buffers 356515840 bytes
Redo Buffers 6402048 bytes
Database mounted. ----数据库已挂载
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel （数据库不能打开）
Process ID: 26859
Session ID: 191 Serial number: 3
查看报警日志：
tail -50 $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/trace/alert_$ORACLE_SID.log
日志：
........
alter database open
Fri Jun 26 11:12:38 2015
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Fri Jun 26 11:12:38 2015
ARC0 started with pid=20, OS id=27066
ARC0: Archival started
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Errors in file /oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_26985.trc:
ORA-07217: sltln: environment variable cannot be evaluated.
Errors in file /oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_26985.trc:
ORA-16038: log 4 sequence# 36 cannot be archived
ORA-00312: online log 4 thread 1: '/data/orcl/redo04a.log'
ORA-00312: online log 4 thread 1: '/data/orcl/redo04b.log'
ORA-07217: sltln: environment variable cannot be evaluated.
USER (ospid: 26985): terminating the instance due to error 16038
-------提示log 4 sequence# 36 cannot be archived不能归档
5、解决办法：
因为归档格式是写入参数文件的，所以修改参数文件中的
log_archive_format为正确格式就能正常打开了。
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SQL> exit
[oracle@192 dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
*.log_archive_format='orcl_%t_%s_%r.dbf'（格式修改为正确格式就行了）
[oracle@192 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora;
数据正常打开
SQL> show parameter log_archive_format;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_format string orcl_%t_%s_%r.dbf
[oracle@192 arch]$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/arch--格式正确,问题解决
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 6144 Jun 26 13:23 orcl_1_38_879293371.dbf
让后需要把pfile中的内容写回spfile
SQL>create spfile from pfile;
SQL>startup force;--OK
同样修改参数文件也可以用如下方式：
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SQL> exit
[oracle@192 dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
*.log_archive_format='orcl_%t_%s_%r.dbf'（格式修改为正确格式就行了）
[oracle@192 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL>startup;--OK